Leadership In Ancient Civilizations Essay examples

During the period of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, different leaders exhibited different styles of leadership and employed different political strategies. In addition, these leaders came to power and maintained their control in their own unique ways. Each leader seemed to have his own agenda, which set the tone for that era. Five prominent leaders of this time period were Agricola, Augustus, Julius Caesar, and the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus. The point to be made with respect to these particular men is related to the obvious correlation between the nature of a leader’s agenda and the impact of his reign. In the end, a ruler’s fate was dependent not on his agenda, but on style and strategy with which he pushed his†¦show more content†¦One would also expect that because it was the common people and not the senate that elected him, that he should have unwavering loyalty to the people. However, one must not look at the situation with a 1990’s, American, free will and liberty, democratic eyes. Rome was not a democracy. The senate commanded respect, and to disregard the senate, whether the people were in favor of you or not, was not a wise thing to do. Thus, Gaius was also assassinated, like his brother, by the senate. It does not seem fair that Gaius was killed, but such is life, and had Gaius employed a more â€Å"senate-friendly† strategy of passing his laws, it is probable that his fate would not have been what it was. One final example of this is Julius Caesar. Caesar was a warlord and a dictator, but if one can look past that, as ridiculous as it sounds, then one would also notice that Caesar did a lot of good for Rome. As dictator, Caesar saw to a series of rapid reforms in many areas of Roman life. He scaled down his large army by settling many of his soldiers in newly founded colonies and extended Roman civilization into some of the provinces. His most lasting reform was one by which we still regulate our lives – the establishment of a calendar based on the old Egyptian reckoning of 365 days, with one day added every fourth year. This â€Å"Julian† calendar lasted until 1582. Then, there were those leaders whose style of leadership and political strategy fit perfectly into theShow MoreRelatedReligion And State : Religion1508 Words   |  7 Pagesnot as simple as it may seem. Many ancient civilizations relied on religion to guide them and give their lives a purpose. Some civilizations were even built on the words of their gods. This did not mean every civilization enforced religion to the same extent, societies located in places like Egypt and Asia prioritized religion more than others like the early Mesopotamians. Different documents and pieces of writing emerged though the discovery of these civilizations and through these works historiansRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Ancient Egypt And Mesopotamia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthousand years ago there existed two main civilizations: Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, and Ancient Egypt along the Nile. Even though Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were both advanced civilizations they had many differences such as their government, religion, as well as their trade and society. Mesopotamian culture thought negatively about its gods, and had conflict, cultural diffusion, and a decentralized government while Ancient Egypt thought highly of its gods, hadRead MoreSumerian vs. Egyptian Civilizations: Political Structure Religion Society and Culture820 Words   |  3 PagesDescribe the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations in terms of political structure, religion, society, and culture. Account for the similarities and differences between them. Despite the fact that ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations grew up rather close together, both civilizations evolved in vastly different ways. The influence of geography cannot be underestimated. Although both civilizations were located in what is now the Middle East, ancient Sumerians lived in a constant stateRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1262 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Golding’s Lord of The Flies, the detriments of an unrefined civilization, such as one without leadership and indulgent citizens who are amoral, can be catastrophic, causing extreme repercussions to society. A lack of solid leadership, such as the arbitrary leader Ralph, can cause confusion, apprehension, and chaos. Jack and other children often indulge their impulses which clouds their judgement causing them to undermine their society. By not reinforcing the difference between savageryRead MoreComparing Ancient Egyptian And Chinese Social Structures1253 Words   |  6 PagesWillow Clark Hist 1110-04 World Civilizations September 29, 2015 Similarities in Early Egyptian and Chinese Social Structures When studied, early complex civilizations naturally settled in groups and developed social hierarchies. Whatever the emerging culture, there must of course be a leader. Whether it is a warrior protecting the group from warring neighbors, forcing his way to the head of the pack, or a wise and eloquent father figure, gently guiding and imparting knowledge to his subjectsRead MoreAncient Rome And Ancient China939 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Rome and Ancient China were two different civilizations with very different yet very similar ways of life. Culture, religion, and more importantly, politics, helped make life the way it was for those who lived in ancient rome and ancient china. Politics were what made everything function, just as it does today. Politics is what was responsible for the wars that took place between civilizations, and why dynasty’s fell and why new ones rose right after. Politics were the backbone holding upRead MoreTrends in Ancient Civilizations1234 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Trends in Ancient Civilizations Over the course of human history, humans and our ancestors have made tremendous strides. From Homo habilis making the first stone tools to the Egyptians building The Pyramids of Giza, human history is nothing short of intriguing. If it wouldn’t have been for each stride made by our ancestors we probably wouldn’t live in the world that we live in today. When the Neolithic Era began in 9600 BCE, human civilizations gradually started to spring up all over the worldRead MoreSumer And Egypt : The Pioneers Of Civilization1226 Words   |  5 PagesSumer and Egypt were two of the first civilizations established in ancient history, the Sumerians being the pioneers of civilization. Each of the civilizations settled on fertile lands and established political, religious, and economic standards of their own. The Sumerians created a system of writing called cuneiform, developed a theocratic government, established an agricultural-based economic system, and created a polytheistic rel igion. Because the land was flat and marshy with few hills or mountainsRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Pyramids1405 Words   |  6 Pages The Ancient Egyptian civilization was one that lasted nearly thirty centuries, from around 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C. This is an impressive feat for any society to be able to conquer. In these thousands of years, the Pharaohs and their people were able to build structures of massive scale that rival the buildings built in the 21st century. The Egyptian Pyramids were not only massive, but they had extremely precise measurements that make them unfathomably impressive to anyone who understands the exactnessRead MoreThe Uses Of Human Biological Remains1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of human biological remains can tell us quite a lot about how past civilizations lived. One is able to deduce from the findings whether groups of people were transient or stationary by examining findings from a midden. Refuse stashes also tell us much of what a specific group consumes in terms of diet or housing materials. One is able to discover how long ago an individual lived by using dating measurements such as radio carbon dating or argon dating. The use of human biological remains

Juvenile Delinquency in the Classroom Essays - 1190 Words

In depicting juvenile delinquency in the classroom, a few film directors portrayed novice teachers desire to reach what the school system customarily labeled as problem students. These films illustrate that these students are often categorized quickly and unfairly, and hopeful intervention by a few caring and zealous teachers is enough to change their lives and attitudes for the better. In the black and white 1955 film Blackboard Jungle, Mr. Dadier (played by Glenn Ford) was an idealistic teacher on his first job in a tough urban mostly white male high school. The characters were dressed in clothing of the time (jeans rolled up at the cuffs, tee shirts, bow ties, baseball caps) and the boys wore their hair in the Elvis Presley†¦show more content†¦Dadier made a connection with Artie West, which occurred after hard work and many failed teaching efforts. Mr. Dadier finally realized how to breathe life into his lessons so that they became meaningful to his students. He also showed respect for them by allowing them to showcase their talents in the Christmas program. These two strategies combined were enough to earn the respect of the classrooms gang leader. Artie West, in turn, put the word out to the other students to work hard and behave in this teachers class. Other teachers shared in Mr. Dadiers success by stating that the momentum created in Mr. Dadie rs English class had carried over into their own classes. This movie had a positive outcome. Continued hard work would be necessary for the positive change to continue. Blackboard Jungle opened and closed with Bill Haley and the Comets Rock Around the Clock, which helped stir quite a ruckus - so much so, the film was banned from many theatres. But the films central point was nevertheless clear: students who we think are aimless and recalcitrant only need the thoughtful guidance of a concerned teacher to make learning meaningful and rewarding. Twelve years after the release of Blackboard Jungle, Sidney Portier starred in yet another film featuring juvenile delinquency in the classroom. To Sir With Love, filmed in 1967--a time when there was great hostility in theShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency In Juveniles961 Words   |  4 PagesThe role in school contribute to the result of students creating the delinquency in juveniles because school is the gateway for students to engage with others, exposing their true self and behavior without parental presence where students may conduct their behavior with deviant means implicating what they are taught at home. School is where they learn to associate with others that are different from them whether it be ethnic, race and background, social status, poverty rate, family upbringing orRead MoreDoes Participation Sports Keep Juveniles Out Of Trouble?896 Words   |  4 PagesSports Keep Juveniles Out of Trouble? Today’s youth is our society’s future, which is why it is important to keep them safe and out of harm’s way. Children and teens who get into trouble are more likely to continue doing so as they reach adulthood. It is important to give children an alternative extra-curricular activity than hanging out with their friends unsupervised with peer pressure all around them. Sports can be a great way to help these children improve their lives. â€Å"Juvenile crime is onRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesunderdevelopment, deficiency and lack of housing areas. Theses can also affect teens that increase-doing crimes in which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in whichRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Great Issue Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile delinquency has become a great issue in this country. The reasons for delinquency are many, yet the fixes to the delinquency problem are few. Not enough is being done for the youth of this country to rehabilitate, deter, or change the way the youth acts. There isn’t enough communicatio n or interaction between the key stakeholders that can help prevent juvenile delinquency. For the longest time juvenile delinquency has been increasing despite any efforts put forth by lawmakers to deter thisRead MoreRelationship Between Police Intervention And Juvenile Delinquency1459 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie A. Wiley and Finn-Aage Esbensen’s article (2016) research the relationship between police intervention and juvenile delinquency and what polices are ideal for deterring deviance amplification. There are two main theories that initiate America’s juvenile justice system: labeling and deterrence. Essentially, labeling proponents believe that official intervention increases delinquency and, oppositely, deterrence theorists argue that it cracks down on deviancy. Wiley et al. (2016:283) want to â€Å"informRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Complex Social Phenomenon Of Criminal Behavior Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Given the range and significance of juvenile delinquency, the demand for understanding strategies has become apparent in order to combat a complex social phenomenon of criminal behavior in juveniles. The juvenile justice system is an intricate part of juvenile justice intertwining law enforcement, court and correctional agencies along with the community when dealing with juvenile delinquents. Thus, understanding delinquents and how they behave is crucial when considering the effectivenessRead MoreNew York Youth Center ( N.y.y.c )962 Words   |  4 PagesThis would help form a bond and the parents and child could communicate about what the child did at school and afterschool. Rather than engaging themselves in criminal behaviors outside activities. The goals of N.Y.Y.C are to decrease the juvenile delinquency rates in this age range. I hope to prevent pre-teens from becoming delinquents before they set into older or bigger crime by guiding and educating their parents on how to intercede before the onset of delinquent behavior. I hope to teach theRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides leadership and technical assistance in the development, implementation, and operation of new approaches, techniques, and methods related to juvenile justice and delinquency prevention. In 1999, OJJDP created the Safe Start Initiative to prevent and reduce the impact of children s exposure to violence in both the home and the community, and to expand the knowledge base of evidence-based practices. Exposure to violence is definedRead MoreAdolescence And Adulthood And The Factors That Promote Childhood Delinquency Essay1731 Words   |  7 Pagesa correlate of delinquency is anything that shows itself to have a relationship to delinquency† (Bates Swan, 2014). Our society has always put delinquency in the same category as school systems, but what is commonly overlooked are many other factors that go into the correlation between schools and delinquency. The label of delinquency in schools does not just get slapped on because the justice system is looking for an excuse. There are many articles over adolescent delinquency and less researchRead MoreGirls and Crime Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesGirls and Crime Stress, teenage mother hood, drug habits all those components needs survival skills. How do you keep those survival skills? Gangs, prostitution, abuse? To us juvenile delinquency is something that we look at it with disdain instead of taking the time to look into sociological issues, emotional issues and the reality that would give us a clearer view and still not make us feel or understand the conditions they live in, the pressures they go through or face everyday. For us to

Exchange Rate Volatility Co-Integration In Tourism - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about theExchange Rate Volatility Co-Integration In Tourism. Answer: Research Problem Before starting a report, the first steps that researchers are required to take is analysing the possible research problem in order to solve the problem which will occur in the study. The education industry, especially international students, contributes a major part in the Australian economy. But, with the growing value of Australian currency in comparison to US dollar will have a negative impact on the education industry which will reduce the number of international students who visit Australia for further studies. The primary objective of this research report focuses on studying and understanding the social, business and economic factors relating to strong Australian dollar and evaluates its impact on the economic and social sector of the country. The growing value of Australian dollar reduces the number of international students in the country. This research proposal analyse the decreasing rate of international students in Australia with the increase worth of Australia dollar. The Australia education sectors contribute more than $47.5 billion to the countrys economy. However, due to increase in Australian currency, international students prefer to study in the United States or any other country instead of Australia. Due to high currency rates, international students have to the high amount for everything including university payments, tuition fees, accommodation, and residential cost. These factors affect the decision of international students and their spending choice in Australia. It can be clearly seen that appreciating in the Australian dollar will result in reducing the number of international students in Australia which negatively affects their economy. Therefore, proper research is necessary to understand the situation and determining ways to address this issue which will assist in boosting countrys economy. This research proposal will evaluate the issues face by hotels in Australia and many others factors that are related to international students visit in Australia. Research Hypothesis What if the packages of hotels and accommodation centers are reduced for international students? What if promotional campaigns are created by concerned departments to address to increase the number of international students? What if discount offers are provided for the international student by educational institutes? What if cheap airfare packages are offered for international students? What if international students shift their destinations to other countries for further studies? Background In previous years, the Australian dollar has always remained less valued than compared US dollar. However, present trend in international markets showed that it is becoming stronger and equivalent to US dollar. The value of Australian dollar has increased recently, and many experts have provided that it is expected to rise even further in following days. Now, the currencys value has surpassed the ceiling limit of US$79, and it is showing possibilities of significant growth. This calendar year, the Australian currency reported a growth of 9.9 percent; it has reported an overnight increment of 1.5 percent which increased US$79.18 to its peak amount of US$79.43 (AFR, 2017). Continues and strong growth of Australian currency provide the weakness of US dollar, but, it owes a large amount to high-interest rates, international investors and prices of commodities (Conversation, 2017). The strong position of Australian dollar may lead to different social, business and economic consequences. After analysing the past three years trends of the Australian dollar, as provided in the figure below, the currency had reported many fluctuations over the year. The Australian dollar has reported its minimum value in the starting of 2016 financial year. Although, with time, the Australian dollar has slowly climbed to the top with many fluctuations and it reached its peak in the middle of 2017. Following figure present the value of Australian dollar in comparison with US dollar. The growing rate of Australian dollar provides that the revenue in US dollar or any other nations is valued lower than its previous rate; due to which it negatively influence different sectors. The products and service which are valued in the Australian dollar will be more expensive after converting to US dollar due to which the number of countrys exports will reduce. Due to high prices, the demand for Australian products will reduce in international markets which will negatively affect Australian producers. The Australian corporations which export their products will have to reduce their prices in order to export their products which will result in decreasing their profits. On the other hand, the prices of products and services of overseas companies will reduce which will increase the number of imports. Similarly, with the growth in the Australian dollar, the number of international students visiting Australia for further studies will reduce since it will be more expensive. However, for Australian students, it will be cheaper to study in foreign universities. Following chart was uploaded by Australian Financial Review which analyses the Australian dollars trend in comparison to US dollar. (Source: Trading Economics, 2017) The growth in Australian dollar negative affects the educational sectors in Australia which is one of the major contributors to its economy and national income. With the growing value of Australian currency, the number of international students will reduce because it will be more expensive to pay university and tuition fees. Also, it will be more expensive for them to live in Australia than compared to other countries such as United Kingdom or United States. The number of international students in Australia is only 700,000 in April 2017 which is significantly lower than compared to previous months. Further, the number of international students reduces to 600,000 in June 2017 which is a result of appreciated AUD value. The international students face high costs due to increasing Australian dollar rates, and they have to pay more amounts for education and tuition fees. Following is another graph which shows the link between Australian dollars and international students. (Source: Trading Economics, 2017) The above graph provides that link between increasing Australian currency rate and decreasing number of international students visiting the country for education purposes. In April 2015, the exchange rate for Australia dollar was 0.765 as compared to US dollar, and it increases in April 2016 and at the same time, the number of international students also reduces. The number of international students has declined since June 2016 because of high value of Australian currency. However, by the end of 2016, AUD reached its lowest point, i.e., 0.71642 and at the same time, the graph reflects an increasing number of international students. So, the graph shows that there is an adverse relationship between the number of international students visiting Australia and AUD. This relationship influences Australian economy because international tourists contribute to countrys economy. Ethical Consideration While performing any practice, ethical consideration is necessary to be taken. Therefore, the researcher should also fulfil the ethical behaviour while performing the activities of research. Following are various ethical considerations that are necessary to be fulfilled by researcher: Research is necessary to be completed with honesty, and it is obvious to provide information about the process used in the research and what results are obtained by the study. The research objectives must be free from biases which assist the researcher in avoiding any confusion in the report and focusing on key The research must not be biased. The research must be completed with transparency and reliability. The information used in the research must be straightforward to the public. It is necessary that the research must respect peoples privacy. The research proposal must avoid disclosing any sensitive or private information about public and client. Literature Review The literature review is a crucial part of a report which points out the issues of the research. In literature review section, the finding of various researchers and scholars are analysed through online sources in order to find whether there is an issue or not. Increased value of Australia dollar signifies that it will negatively influence the education industry and the number of international students that visit Australia for further studies. Various entities win or lose because of increasing value of AUD. The losers are the exporter corporations according to the article published in Courier Mail. The increasing rate of AUD has been negative for international students visiting Australia, but it is a positive factor for Australian students who want to go overseas for further study. Increased AUD value makes it easier for them to select the University of their Choice and choose the desired location for study since it will be cheaper for them. The Australian economy has significantly influenced by the increased value of AUD (Kohler, Monalo Perera, 2014). The movement in the value of Australian currency has a substantial influence on nations economy. The increasing rate of AUD has a negative impact on countrys economy which will result in reducing the investment in Australian businesses. Its natural for investors to invest in the Australian currency when it decreases. Many international students visit Australia each year because of its diversity, attractive places, and strong education system. For students, beaches seemed to be the more attractive point. Similarly, fireworks contribute is another primary reason due to which international students visit Australia. However, with the increase in the value of AUD, the number of international students has reduced substantially in Australia in the past few years. An article published by Phil Mercer during mid-2015 for BBC news, evaluate the influence of reducing AUD value towards countrys economy especially toward education industry. The article provided that there is 25 percent decline in the value of AUD from mid-2014 to 2015. At the same time, the number of international students visiting Australia increased by 2 percent as compared to students going out of Australia that was on 0.7 percent. The number of Australian students going in foreign countries for further studies reduced because people prefer domestic universities since they are a cheaper option as provided by Commonwealth Bank. According to IBIS world report, reduction in value of AUD has positively influenced the education sector in Australia since 2013. There is a high rate of inflow in international students because of the low value of AUD. This report clearly provided that increase in the value of Australian dollar will reduce the number of international students visiting Australia. The increasing rate of Australian dollar affects international students because it increases their university costs tuition fees and living expenses (Webber, 2001). The students have to pay more than they expected, therefore, they are more likely to change their mind about selecting a destination for further studies. David Taylor provided an article called the world today which shows the influence of increasing Australian dollars on backpackers. Backpackers are key contributors to the Australian economy, and they are one of the key income generating factors in the country. Therefore, increasing rate of the Australian dollar has caused a serious problem for backpackers since it increases their expenses which negatively influence Australian economys growth. So, the literature review provided a clear picture of the issue which provides that increasing rate of AUD will result in reducing the number international students visiting Australia for further studies which reduce the growth of nations economy. Research Proposals Aim and Objectives The research objectives focus on providing direction for research by identifying various variables relating to the research problem. The main aim of this research is to analyse the increasing value of Australian dollar and its influence on the number of international students visiting the country. The number of international students visiting Australia and value of AUD is directly related to each other. Therefore, any decrease or increase in value of AUD results in decreasing or increasing the number of international students in Australia respectively. Following are the key aims of this research proposal: Analysing the reducing number of international students in Australia. Evaluating various measures for increasing the education sector in Australia. Finding out whether the increasing value of Australian dollar decreases the number of international students in the country. Overall, the key objective of this report is to discover the relationship and impact of increasing value of Australian dollar over the number of international students visiting the country for further study and finding different measures for addressing this issue. Research Design Research design focuses on analysing the research problem by collected and evaluating the data in a systematic manner. The research design assists in meeting the key objective of the research. Generally, there are two types of research design used by researchers which include qualitative and quantitative research. This research proposal includes both quantitative and qualitative ways of data collection from different primary and secondary sources. Quantitative Research The quantitative research is also called secondary research method which is based on mathematical, numerical and statistical data that is collected for understanding and evaluating the research problem by reviewing documents, questionnaires, and analytical data. This method is one of the cheapest, easiest and quickest methods for conducting research. This method is useful for viewing and analysing large sample sizes and different views and opinions. In this research proposal, qualitative research methods are used to determine the fluctuating trends of Australian dollar than compared to US dollar and analyse its relationship with increasing or decreasing number of international students visiting the country. Every result is evaluated which automatically contributes to outlining the characteristics of different factors. Further, analysis can be done by controlling and exploring the gathered data which help in identifying correct patterns. This method is acquired to collect the data in relation to different viewpoints. Analytical data assist in identifying and analysing the existing data which is available on the topic. Questionnaire is used in order to collect data through checklists. This will assist in understanding peoples perspective on the subject matter. Survey monkey is used in order to create and send questions online. Documents review assists in providing an understanding of people true perspective about the issue. Qualitative Method Qualitative methods are known as exploratory research which focuses on collecting data and information on a specific topic. The collected data assist in developing hypothesis and ideas. The information linked with education sectors in Australia mainly related with international students will be researched. The collected data will be used in order to address the issue. Under the research, different methods will be used such as focus group, observation and in-depth interview to collect necessary data. Focus Group includes discussion between small groups of 6-12 people which is conducted by the help of trained professionals. It reduces the time, and multiple views are collected at once. Observations focus on collecting data by witnessing real-life situations. In-Depth interview referred to a face-to-face interaction which includes a detailed discussion with respondent regarding the same research problems. Depending upon nature of data requirement, either quantitative or qualitative method will be used in the research for data collection purposes. Quantitative methods are helpful if the research is conducted within a fix period. However, qualitative methods can be used if research problems are evaluated in detailed. Data Analysis Process After collecting the data from qualitative and quantitative sources, they will be analysed in order to obtain crucial information for the research. All the information collected during the process may not be significant or used in the research. So, effective data analysis process is necessary to be adopted to acquire only such information that is important for the research. The data analyses process is divided into different steps: Editing: The data collected from the qualitative and quantitative process will be raw which will be accumulated and analysed in order to collected necessary information for the research to ensure that it is easier for anyone to understand. This is known as editing. The data which had errors or incomplete information was edited with the help of in-house editing or field editing. After that, the edited data was further preceded for coding. The field editors performed the activities of data checking and editing at the same time. In contrast, editing in office is known as in-house editing. Coding: It is the process of assigning numbers and other symbols to edited data, and it is the second phase of data analysis procedure. Data Entry: After completion of coding process, the data is uploaded on the system which is called data entry process. In other words, it is defined as the process of transforming coded and useful data collected for the research and uploading into computers. In data entry process, optical scanners are used to marking sensed questionnaires. Data Analysis: Finally, after the stage of data entry in computers, the data is analysed by the researchers and conclusions can be obtained from the above findings. References Anon, 2017.[online] Tra.gov.au. Available at: https://www.tra.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/250/IVS_one_pager_June2017.pdf.aspx?Embed=Y Assessment 2, 2017. Background. Applied Business Research, Koi BBC News, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34504003 [Accessed 15 Sep. 2017]. KOI, 2017. Data Preparation - Part 1. [Online] Available at: https://moodle.koi.edu.au/moodle/course/view.php?id=858 Trading economics, 2017. Australia Tourist Arrivals. [Online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/tourist-arrivals Webber, A.G., 2001. Exchange rate volatility and co-integration in tourism demand.Journal of Travel research,39(4), pp.398-405.

Sad Inventory System free essay sample

This study shall focus on how to improve the system of records for the inventory and sales of the company. This may help in creating a better system to avoid mistakes in recording data that may contribute to loss of income. The study shall provide us an opportunity to experience on how to handle similar problems and to create a solution for future companies. Gilmore Wines and Spirits, was founded by Messrs. Magnus Villafuerte and Marcus Morales. The business started about 3 years ago in the present location which serves as a showroom. Initially, they were only selling wines but through a program in De La Salle University, they were able to get funds and expand the business which now includes a wide variety of beer. In the first few weeks of operation, income was low since costumers are only limited. Very few knew that it was a liquor store and already open for business. We will write a custom essay sample on Sad Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is their goal to deliver a wide variety of beer in the Philippines since the local market in ruled by San Miguel which produces limited variety. It is their passion for beer that is driving them to push on and proceed to share their knowledge about unique beers from around the world. They are currently using manual labor in recoding product transactions and in listing stocks that c are delivered in the store. The business is in a small location, hence, they want everything organized for easy access to records. Six months ago, the company decided to have an automated system to address the problem. They wanted that the records are systematically organized through a database. They have already bought a scanning device to be facilitating faster and easier recording of transactions. However, due to lack of applicable program, the device is not yet operational. As IT students, one of the things that we have learned is to assess problems and create logical solutions. We chose this area of study since it is important for every company to have an efficient method of keeping records. This study will give us an opportunity to apply and put into practice what we have learned. Our goal is to create system that will improve the performance and productivity of the company. 3 II . Objectives of the Study General Objective The main objective of the study is to design and develop sales and inventory system for Gilmore Wines and Spirits. This will cover the transaction in the cashier and the recording of supplies in the inventory system. Specific Objectives Specifically, it attempts to satisfy the following objectives: a. To design sales and inventory system for Gilmore Wines and Spirits using DFD and ERD tools. b. To develop a program applicable using the scanning device. c. Create a base program with interfaces using VB. NET d. Have a database of records using MS SQL Server. e. To create an organized recording system. Problems encountered by Gilmore Wines and Spirits: i. Hand-written records ii. Missing transaction iii. Loss of Inventory Records iv. Unorganized files of past records v. Non-compatible software for scanning device 4 III. Scope and Limitations The general purpose of this study is to provide an organized system of records both for sales and inventory. A detailed description about the current situation of the system, the step by step process of the whole system and the data required in creating a proposal was discussed by the two heads, Messrs. Villafuerte and Morales during scheduled interviews in the span of 2 months. The end users of the proposed program are the company heads, and all employees. The program will be installed in the hardware in the lower level of their business. This will be done for easy access of all employees and both heads. This study is limited to the development of a sales and inventory system of Gilmore Wines and Spirits. A development of a network or a different system is not part of the study and or the program. The program will be developed under Microsoft Visual Basic. NET 2007 and will utilize database MYSQL Server 2005. The program will run at least under Windows XP operating system. The software development will focus on the automation of the company’s records on sales and product inventory. IV. Significance of the Study The main purpose of this study is to help the company of Gilmore Wines and Spirits with their problem in the recording of their sales and inventory system. The study will aim to resolve the liabilities that the manual system poses to them; missing records of transactions, amount of stocks which in turn creates loss of inc ome. Upgrading a system to a much more organized and easy to use application is a small investment that could save money in the long run. Through this, time will be saved and all important documents and information will not be lost. This will serve as valuable asset by a company in better management of their business. For us researchers, this study will serve as our stepping stone for more future projects. For this project, we gained experience that would serve as our guide in our future careers. This project has served as our training venue in helping a company solve their problems. For future researchers, our study could serve as their basis in sales and inventory. They could refer to our study if they would need a guide in creating a sales and inventory system. For us researchers, this study will serve as our stepping stone for more future projects. Chapter II TECHNICAL BACKGROUND Data Flow Diagram (Existing System) Supplies Figure 2: Context Diagram 7 In our system there are five entities involved; these are the head, the all-around staff, supplier and the customers. The customer gives the product and payment to the staff. When the staff receives the product, the staff will record the transaction and return the product with the official receipt to the customer. The head’s role is to receive information about the sales within the day. He also receives the records of inventory to check what stocks are low on supply. When the head decides to restock or add a new product to the store, he submits an order list to the supplier and he gives the payment when he receives the product he ordered. After this transaction with the supplier, the staff will check if the delivered products are whether on the order list or not. Staff also checks whether the products are damaged. If there are unwanted products, the head returns it to the supplier. Then the details of the products that can be sold will be recorded by the head in the inventory record. 8 LEVEL 0: Top Level Figure 3: Top Level Diagram 9 At any transaction, the customer will give the product to the staff. The staff will then be scanning the product using the barcode technology. This will be easier for each product will be given a unique ID and product details will be embedded on the barcode. The scanning will automatically go through the database of the inventory system to locate the product and its price. After receiving the payment from the customer, the cashier will issue a printed OR. After the transaction, the product, quantity, time and date of transaction will be recorded to the sales record database. The inventory record will also be automatically updated with deductions to the available stocks. In the end of the day, when the head wants to view the summary of sales from the day from the sales record, he can click the View Summary Button, this will show the summary to the head and the head can print it. The head will then check the inventory record if there is still sufficient supplies. There will be a notification if a product is low on supplies, the text on the row of the product low on supplies will be colored red and there will be an exclamation point beside the row itself. This will give clear information to the head that there is definitely a product low on supplies. 10 When ordering the products needing of supplies, the list can be printed easily. During ordering of supplies from the supplier, this is still done manually. The head will call the supplier that supplies the products. When the products arrive, the head gives the payment to the supplier. When they receive the products, the staff checks for damages and whether the products delivered are the ones ordered by the head. If they see that a product is not on the list or damaged, they would return it to the supplier. If the product passes the checking of the staff, it would be recorded in the inventory record database. If the product ordered is new, the head can click the Add button on the interface, then a form will popup where the head can enter the barcode, product name, retail and whole sale price, the available stocks they have and other details. The barcode will then be the basis of the new product when it is searched in the database. If the product is not new, the head will click the Update button and he can then update the Stocks column with the new supplies received. When the update is done, the data from the inventory record database will automatically update the cashier station will full details of with the new data of each product. 11 Figure 4: Daily Sales Transaction The product is scanned. When the product is scanned, the product name, barcode and price can be viewed already. After finalizing the transaction, the sold product will be given to the customer and also a receipt if necessary. The transaction will be recorded to the Sales Record. The following information will be recorded: Amount of Payment, Product and Quantity Sold, and Date and Time. The Record of Daily Transaction including the Product and Quantity Sold can be viewed by the Head. 12 Figure 5: When the product is being scanned, the barcode will be checked. After checking, the Product Name and Barcode will be shown. Following by the scanned barcode is the checking the product price thus resulting to a checked product. Figure 6: After scanning a product, the all-around staff will receive the payment. After receiving the payment, then the all-around staff will give the customer the product. If necessary, the all-around staff may give also a receipt to the customer thus finishing the transaction. 3 Figure 7: Record Transaction After a finished transaction, the amount of received money will be recorded in the Sales Record. Then after the amount is recorded, the time and date of transaction will be recorded also in the Sales Record. Lastly, after the date and time is recorded, the product and quality sold of transaction will be recorded also in the Sales Record. 14 Fig ure 8: Update Inventory Record After recording the daily sales, the product and quantity sold will be updated in the sales record. After that, the products that are low in supply will be updated. And also, the inventory will be updated. 15 Figure 9: Purchasing Transaction When the inventory record is updated, the items to be purchased will be listed. After listing, there will be ordering of stocks and purchasing of items. After purchasing, the products will be checked. If there are damaged or unlisted products, it will be returned. The checked products will be gathered to produce the product details. 16 Figure 10: List of Orders After updating the inventory record, the inventory will be checked for almost gone stocks. When done listing, an order will be made or list of items to be purchased. After that, a list of items to be purchased is made. Figure 11: Purchasing Stocks When ordering the supplies, the head will submit the order list to the supplier. Then, the all – around staff will receive the supplies delivered by the supplier. Upon receiving the products, the head will give the payment to the suppliers. 17 Figure 12: Check Products After supplying the products, the products will be checked from the order slip. If there are products that aren’t on the list, it will be returned. After the products are checked, it will be checked for any damages. If there are also damaged products, it will also be returned. Only those checked products can pass. 8 Figure 13: Update Inventory After the product details are made, the product name will be recorded. If the product is new, the barcode will also be recorded. After that, if the product is again new, the product price will be recorded. Then, the number of stocks will also be recorded. If again the product is new, the minimum stock requirement will be recorded. All th e information will be stored at the inventory record. 19 Data Flow Diagram: Top Level (Proposed System) Figure 14: Top Level (Proposed System) The processes inside the proposed area are the automation of the old manual recording system. These are the updating of records in the sales and inventory system. 20 Entity Relationship Diagram Figure 15: Entity – Relationship Diagram 21 A customer transacts with one staff of the store. If the customer would want to buy a whole sale of products, he will need to give his full name, contact number and address. The contact number and address is required when the customer requests a delivery to their store. In a single transaction, the customer will give the product to the staff, the staff will then check the price of the product in the database. The customer would then pay for the products bought. Any of the staff available at the time is authorized to update both the sales record and inventory record. During transactions, the staff will be recording each transaction with a customer. After each transaction, the staff will need to update the inventory record for the amount of products that were removed from their inventory. Then the head would be the one to check what products are low in supply. When he finds products low on supplies, he would list these products and order from the supplier. The list would contain the product(s) name, and the quantity. After the order has been made, the suppliers will deliver the products and the head will give the payment. After the transaction with the supplier, the staff would handle the checking of the products. They will check if the product is damaged or included in the order list. When the checking is done, the head would update the inventory to update stocks or add new product(s) in the inventory record. If the head adds a new product he would input the product name, barcode, price and the minimum required stock and other parameters.

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